What are Analgesics and its Classification?

Analgesics and its Classification NCERT Chemistry Class 12

What are Analgesics and its Classification?

What is Analgesics?

Analgesics (known as painkillers) are a class of drugs that are generally used to reduce or relieve pain. It also remedies any displeasing emotional and sensory experience in a human body which is caused due to tissue damage or expressed in terms of such damage. The term “Analgesic” is derived from two Greek words“an” means without and “algos” means pain. So, analgesics are therapeutic substances that diminish or reduce pain.

MODE OF ACTION

When part of the body is injured or suffering from pain, special nerve endings send pain messages back to the brain. Painkilling drugs interfere with these messages, either at the site of the injury, in the spinal cord or in the brain itself. Many painkillers are based on one of two naturally occurring drugs: aspirin and opiates. Aspirin ,also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a mild analgesic and work by indirectly blocking the enzyme-controlled synthesis of Prostaglandins (Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation). By restricting the synthesis of Prostaglandins, mild analgesics can reduce pain, fever, and inflammation. Chemical painkillers such as Endorphins and Enkephalins are produced naturally in the body. Aspirin uses a chemical found in willow bark, used by the Ancient Greeks to relieve pain. Opiates (any drug derived from opium), all work in a similar way to opium, which is extracted from poppies.

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