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What is a Negotiable Instrument and Types?   NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS is a very interesting topic in Economic, Business, and Commercial Law, which is also part of our CS Online Coaching Class. The following is explained:   What is Negotiate Instrument?   A "negotiable instrument" means a promissory note, a bill of exchange or a check payable either to the ordering party or to the holder.   TYPES OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS   Negotiable instruments recognized by statutes: the Negotiable Instruments Act mentions only three types of negotiable instruments (Section 13).   These are the following: i. Promissory Notes ii. Bills of Exchange, and iii. Cheques   Negotiable instruments recognized by the use or customs of trade: certain other instruments have acquired the characteristic of negotiability through the use or customs of trade.   For example, Exchequer bills, banknotes, Share warrants, Circular notes, Bearer debits, Dividend warrants, Share certificates with blank transfer deed

Concept of Cost Accounting & Objectives of Cost Accounting | CS Executive CONCEPT OF COST ACCOUNTING - CS EXECUTIVE  The term Cost is a very common word in our daily lives. More specifically we used it to signify something that we incur to take in back a benefit, maybe goods or services or anything. As we say everything comes at a cost. Even in  accounting , the concept of cost is referred to as the amount that has to be paid or given to get something in return. In other words, the cost is the number of resources either monetary or otherwise, given in exchange for some goods or services.   DEFINITION - CONCEPT OF COST ACCOUNTING The Chartered Institute of  Management Accountants  (CIMA), London defines cost as “the amount of expenditure (actual or notional) incurred on or attributable to a specified thing or activity”. The concept of cost is wide enough to include anything and everything that is put in to derive an output. Say, for instance, the electronic gadget you are using righ

About the  CS Executive Company Law : The  Companies Act  is mammoth legislation. The  Companies Act, 1956  was one of the lengthiest Act with 658 Sections which was repealed by The  Companies Act 2013  containing 470 Sections. The new Act was a need of the hour as the 50 years old law required a new structure with added perspectives. It Act is nothing but all about companies since its incorporation till its winding up. In spite of several sections to understand this statue, we just need to understand a few basic principles.   Structure: In legal sense, Company is a business association. A group of persons associate themselves to conduct a business under a common name. They invest their amounts into business under a common named entity, by way of subscription of shares. They appoint personnel to look after and direct the business, known well as Directors. When the business makes a profit, it is distributed to the holders of the share. In case of losses, the holders of share are held re

How to Prepare CS Executive Tax Laws and Practice - Tips and Tricks || CS Executive Online Classes Tax Laws and Practice – A  tax  might be characterized as ” a mandatory extraction made by the focal government from the overall population. It is a monetary charge forced on people or lawful substances by the public authority in accordance with its authoritative position. Assessment is an assortment of cash from the general population for the public reason enforceable by law and it isn’t for the installment of some other reevaluation. It is one of the significant wellsprings of income of the public authority. It assumes a significant function in the development and advancement of the nation’s economy framework and different offices.   An  income tax  is a duty that legislatures force on pay created by organizations and people inside their locale. By law, citizens must record a personal assessment form every year to decide their expense commitments. Annual expenses are a wellspring of in