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Habitat and Niche Online Biology Notes for Class 12 The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food, shelter, protection, and mates for reproduction. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.   A habitat is made up of physical factors such as soil, moisture, the range of temperature, and light intensity as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators .  Every organism has certain habitat needs for the conditions in which it will thrive, but some are tolerant of wide variations while others are very specific in their requirements.  A habitat is not confined to a geographical area , but it can be the interior of a stem, a rotten log, a rock or a clump of moss, and for a parasitic organism it is the body of its host, part of the host’s body such as the digestive tract, or a single cell within the host’s body