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Debentures for CS Executive Course We are pleased to present CS Foundation, Executive, and Professional online classes for the students preparing for CS. The entire course is divided into CS Foundation online classes, CS Executive online classes, and CS Professional online classes. Regularly we are posting articles related to CS courses. What is Debenture? As per Section 2 (30) of Companies Act, 2013   “Debenture” includes debentures, stock, bonds, or any other instrument of a company evidencing a debt, whether constituting a charge on the assets of the company or not. In other terms, A Debenture is a type of debt instrument that is not secured by physical assets or collateral. Debentures are backed only by the general creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer.   Debentures can be classified into different categories on the basis of : Convertibility of the instrument Security of the instrument Redemption Ability Registration of Instrument Classification on the basis of “CONVERTIBIL

Employees Provident Fund topic for CS Executive Employees Provident Fund A Brief Introduction The Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 are applicable to employees whose wages* exceed Rs. 15,000/- per month. This ceiling limit has been amended and applied from September 01, 2014 (earlier the limit was Rs. 6,500/-) However, employees drawing salary below this limit can also have the benefits of this Act with their choice. The wages* includes basic wages with dearness allowance, retaining allowance (if any), and cash value of food concession. As per Section 1(3) read with Section 16, this Act applies- To every establishment which is a factory engaged in any industry specified in Schedule I and in which 20 or more persons are employed; and To any other establishment employing twenty or more persons or class of such establishments which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf. As per Section 16, this Act does no

Leveraged Buy Out For CS Executive “Leveraged Buy Out” is also termed as “Management Buy Out” Management Buy-In (MBI) In a Management Buy-In (MBI) a manager or a management team raises or the finance for the company or buy the company. Here the manager or a management team who raises the finance is from outside the company and becomes the company’s new management. A Management Buy-In team competes with other purchasers in the search for a suitable business. The team is usually led by a manager with significant experience at managing director level. Management Buy-Out (MBO) Management Buy-Out (MBO) is same as Management Buy-In (MBI) with a slight difference. Here, the manager or management team WHO raises or the finance for the company or buy the company, that are already working for the target company. It can also be defined as the purchase of a controlling share in the company by its executive directors and/or management.   Buy-In Management Buyout (BIMBO) Buy-In Management Buyout (BI

                                                  NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Company)   What is “NBFC”?   NBFC is a company registered under Companies Act, 2013 or earlier Companies Act or an institution engaged in the business of loans and advances, acceptance of deposits under different schemes and to invest this money in any manner like the acquisition of shares, securities, bonds, hire purchase, etc..  RBI Act, 1934 includes a Financial Institution which is a company or a non-banking institution which is a company having its principal business of receiving the deposits under any arrangement or scheme or in any other manner, or lending in any manner as an NBFC.   NBFC may be categorized as:   Loan Companies Investment Companies Hire Purchase Finance Companies Equipment Leasing Companies Mutual Benefit Finance Companies Housing Finance Companies etc. Asset Income Approach   In order to identify a particular company as an NBFC, consider both, the assets and the income pattern from th

Learn All about e-Form DIR-11 and DIR-12 for CS Executive Company Law For Students Preparing For Cs, We Are Pleased To Present Cs Online Coaching Courses. The Entire Course Is Split Into Online Classes At Cs Base, Online Classes At Cs Executive, And Online Classes At Cs Specialist. We Make Sure That Papers Related To Cs Courses Are Regularly Updated. "We Have Taken "Dir-11" Of Company Law From Cs Executive In This Report. These Notes Are Simple, Crisp, And Easy For Anyone To Comprehend. A bout e-Form DIR-11 Enter the date of appointment or resignation of the director in the company. In case of an alternate director, enter the DIN of the director to whom the appointee is alternate and click Pre-fill button. The system will automatically display the name of the director to whom the appointee is an alternate. Enter the date of filing of resignation with the company and also effective date of resignation specified in the notice. The resignation of a director shall take effec

Learn All about e-Form DIR-11 and DIR-12 for CS Executive Company Law For Students Preparing For Cs, We Are Pleased To Present Cs Online Coaching Courses. The Entire Course Is Split Into Online Classes At Cs Base, Online Classes At Cs Executive, And Online Classes At Cs Specialist. We Make Sure That Papers Related To Cs Courses Are Regularly Updated. "We Have Taken "Dir-11" Of Company Law From Cs Executive In This Report. These Notes Are Simple, Crisp, And Easy For Anyone To Comprehend. A bout e-Form DIR-11 Enter the date of appointment or resignation of the director in the company. In the case of an alternate director, enter the DIN of the director to whom the appointee is alternate and click the Pre-fill button. The system will automatically display the name of the director to whom the appointee is an alternate. Enter the date of filing of resignation with the company and also the effective date of resignation specified in the notice. The resignation of a director shal

Meaning of Marginal Costing It is a costing technique where only variable cost or direct cost will be charged to the cost unit produced.   Marginal Cost of Production is the change in total cost that comes from making or producing one additional item. The purpose of this is to determine at what point an organization can achieve economies of scale. Features of Marginal Costing   All operating costs are differentiated into fixed and variable costs. Variable cost is charged to the product and treated as product cost. Fixed Cost is treated as a period cost and written off to profit & loss account. In the marginal costing technique, the costs are recorded and profits are reported. The unit cost of a product means the average variable cost of manufacturing the product. Advantages of Marginal Costing   Elimination of cost variance per unit: Fixed costs are not carried forward to the next year, units have a standard cost. Cost comparisons become meaningful. Accurate overhead recovery rate

Industrial & Labour law – Torts or Wrongs to Personal Safety & Freedom What is Tort? In a common language, a tort refers to a civil wrong that causes someone else to suffer loss or damage resulting in the person who performs such an act being legally responsible. Tort law applies to the collection of laws that offer redress for persons who have caused injury from someone else's unfair actions. Tort law is based on the principle that entities, whether intentional or accidental, are responsible for the consequences of their acts if they cause injury to another individual or organization. Types of Tort (a) Battery Batteries The battery is the criminal act of offensively touching or applying force to another person's body deliberately, including a wide variety of actions, including those of a sexual nature. Therefore, two things are required to constitute a tort of battery: I use of force, but it may be insignificant without the consent of the complainant, and (ii) without