Some Natural Phenomena Chapter 14 - 8th Class Science

Some Natural Phenomena Chapter 14 - 8th Class  Science 

Lightning occurs because of the transfer of massive electric charges. Natural disasters sometimes cause tremendous damage to life and property.

Electric charges

All matter is made up of atoms. Every atom is made up of positively charges particles, negatively charges particles and neutral particles. The positively charged particles of an atom are called protons. The negatively charged particles are called electrons.

The atom as a whole consists of an equal number of positive and negative charges and it is called electrically neutral.

If the charge is not balanced, the atom will have a positive charge if protons are more in number than electrons and negative charge if electrons are more in number than protons.

Objects with the same type of charge brought together will repel each other. Objects with opposite charge will attract each other.

From above we can conclude easily that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.

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Charging an object

An object can be given an electric charge by using the below-mentioned methods.

• Charging by induction-Charging is done without the charged body touching the object that has to be charged.

Eg: -A charged glass rod is brought close to a metal object but does not touch it.

• Charging by friction –This kind of charging is done by rubbing one material with another.

Eg:-Rubbing glass with silk

• Charging by the conduction-An object can also be charged by making it touch a charged body. The nature of the charge acquired will be the same as that of the charging body.

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