What are the main components of an Ecosystem? 12th biology notes

An ecosystem is also defined as a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water and mineral soil, all interacting as a system.

Thus, an ecosystem has two basic components
(i) Abiotic components (non-living components)
(ii) Biotic components (living components)

ABIOTIC COMPONENTS

The abiotic components of an ecosystem include the water, the air, the temperature and the rocks and minerals that make up the soil. The biotic components of the ecosystem both live on and interact with the abiotic components. Abiotic factors are classified as-

Climatic factors include the climatic regime of an area with physical factors in the environment such as light, atmospheric temperature, wind, humidity, etc.

BIOTIC COMPONENTSIt consists of the living parts of the environment, including the association of a lot of interrelated populations that belong to different species inhabiting a common environment. There is a population of the animal community, the plant community, and the microbial community. The biotic community is divided into autotrophs, heterotrophs, and saprotrophs.

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