What are Metals and Non-metals and its Properties Class 10 Science

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes - Metals and Non-metals is part of Class 10 Science Notes for Quick Revision. Here, discussed on Metals and Non-Metals, Its Properties & Difference between metals and non-metals

What are metals?

Metals, with the exception of hydrogen, are all elements that lose electrons during Chemical reactions to form positive ions. As a result, metals are electropositive elements with low ionization energies. They have a lustrous sheen, can reverberate sound, and are excellent heat and electricity conductors. Metals, with the exception of Mercury, are solids in nature.

Metals: Physical properties

Conduction: Metals are a good conductor of heat and electricity. This is why electric wires are made of metals such as copper and aluminum.

Malleability: Metals can be shaped. Metals will therefore be pounded into a thin film. Because of this property, iron is used in the construction of large ships.

Ductility: This property enables the metals to be drawn into thin wire. Due to this property, a wire is made of metals.

Melting and Boiling Point: Melting and boiling points are generally higher for the metals. (Sodium and potassium metals have low melting and boiling point, they are the exception.)

Density: Most of the metals have higher density.

Color: Except for gold and copper, most of the metals are grey in color.

Hardness: Except alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, which are very soft metals. These metals can be sliced using a knife.

Strength: The majority of the metals are solid and have high tensile strength. As a result, large buildings are made of metals such as copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). (With the exception of Sodium (Na) and potassium (K), these are the soft metals).

State: At room temperature, metals are solid, whereas, mercury (Hg) is the exception.

Sound: Since metals produce a ringing sound, so, they are referred to as Sonorous. This can also be called a Metallic sound. This is why metal wires are used in the manufacture of musical instruments.

What are non-metals?

The elements that tend to gain electrons and form anions during chemical reactions are known as non-metals. These elements are electronegative, which means their ionization energies are higher. They're drab, frail, and inefficient in terms of heat and energy (graphite is an exception). Non-metal can be found in the form of gases, liquids, or solids.

Non-metals: Physical properties

Conduction: Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity. Graphite, a carbon allotrope, is an exception is a good conductor of electricity.

Malleability and ductility: Non-metals are brittle.

Melting and boiling point: Non-metals usually have low boiling and melting points.

State: Non-metals can be liquid, solid, or gas.

Luster: Non-metals have a dull appearance. Diamond and iodine are exceptions.

Sonority: Non-metals do not produce a typical sound on being hit. Thus, they are not sonorous.

Density: Density for the most number of non-metals is low.

Color: Non-metals are in many colors.

Hardness: Non-metals are usually soft rather than hard. The diamond, on the other hand, is an exception; it is the hardest naturally occurring substance.

Difference between metals and non-metals

Metals	Non-metals
Metals are ductile and malleable.	Non-metals are non-ductile and non-malleable.
Metal produces a ringing sound on striking, which is said to be the sonorous property.	In the case of non-metals, they do not show this type of sonorous property.
For heat and electricity, metals are good conductors.	For heat and electricity, non-metals are bad conductors, except graphite, which is a good conductor.
Metals usually exist as a hard solid substance.	Non-metals usually exist in all three forms, i.e. solid, liquid, and gases.

Learn More about metal and non-metal chemical properties.

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