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Habitat and Niche Online Biology Notes for Class 12 The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food, shelter, protection, and mates for reproduction. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.   A habitat is made up of physical factors such as soil, moisture, the range of temperature, and light intensity as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators .  Every organism has certain habitat needs for the conditions in which it will thrive, but some are tolerant of wide variations while others are very specific in their requirements.  A habitat is not confined to a geographical area , but it can be the interior of a stem, a rotten log, a rock or a clump of moss, and for a parasitic organism it is the body of its host, part of the host’s body such as the digestive tract, or a single cell within the host’s body

Rutherford’s Atomic Model NCERT Chemistry Class 11 Online Notes α-Ray scattering experiment In this experiment, a stream of α particle from a radioactive source was directed on a thin (about 0.00004 cm thick) piece of gold foil. According to Thomson’s model, it was expected that the alpha particles would just pass straight through the gold foil and could be detected by a photographic plate placed behind the foil. But the actual results of the experiment were quite surprising. It was observed that: (i) Most of the α-particles passed straight through the gold foil. (ii) Some of the α-particles were deflected by small angles. (iii) A few particles were deflected by large angles. (iv) About 1 in every 12000 particles experienced a rebound. The results of α-ray scattering experiment were explained by Rutherford in 1911 and another model of the atom was proposed. According to Rutherford’s model, an atom contains a dense and positively charged region located at its centre;

Questions for practice Jumbled paragraph | Learn English for competitive exams Online banking classes : Jumbled paragraph with 5 sentences: Jumbled paragraph with 5 sentences is a variation of jumbled paragraph with 4 sentences. Here five sentences make a paragraph. Level of difficulty increases as more links and connectors need to be identified. However, the options help reach the answers faster by utilizing the solving key. Example- Arrange the sentences in the sequence to make a coherent paragraph. However much of the wealth was lost during the exploitive British rule. Despite the substantial progress, it still suffers from poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, and corruption. India was identified with its commercial wealth for much of its long history. Economic reforms have transformed it into the second fastest growing large-economy. Since independence, India has been strengthening its economy once again. CAEDB   ABCDE       3.  DBCEA      4.  EABDC          

Quantitative Aptitude Static Awareness of PUNJAB Static Awareness of Punjab – Punjab  is situated in the northern part of India. ‘Punjab’ means “ Land of 5 rivers ”. Five rivers of Punjab are Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum. All these five rivers are tributaries of Indus River. Capital city:  Chandigarh Chief Minister:  Captain Amarinder Singh Governor:  V.P.Singh  Badnore Number of Districts:  22 Border States:  Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Jammu & Kashmir   International Border:  Pakistan High Court:  Punjab  and Haryana High Court, Chandigarh The specialty of State:  Agricultural Products Important National Parks in Punjab: Harike Pattan Wetland and Bird Sanctuary Takhni-Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary Learn complete  Quantitative Aptitude Static Awareness of PUNJAB Read more Static awareness of Bihar, Gujrat, UP, etc General Awareness for Bank Exams (IBPS/SBI PO & Clerk, RRB) – S

Matrices – Matrix for Class 12 Mathematics Solutions Order of a Matrix There may be any number of rows and any number of columns in a matrix. If there are m rows and n columns in matrix A, its order is m x n and it is read as an m x n matrix. Transpose of a Matrix The transpose of a given matrix A is formed by interchanging its rows and columns and is denoted by A’. Symmetric Matrix A square matrix A is said to be a symmetric matrix if A’ = A. Skew-Symmetric Matrix A square matrix A is said to be a skew-symmetric if A’ = – A. all elements in the principal diagonal of a skew-symmetric matrix are zeroes. Addition of Matrix If A and B are any two given matrices of the same order, then their sum is defined to be a matrix C whose respective elements are the sum of the corresponding elements of the matrices A and B and we write this as C = A + B. Types: Row matrix:  A row matrix has only one row but any number of columns. Column matrix:  A column matrix has only one column but a

Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10th Science Notes Characteristics of chemical reactions In chemical reactions, the reactants combine to form the products. The conversion of reactants into products in a chemical reaction is often accompanied by some features which can be observed easily. The important characteristics of chemical reactions are:- Evolution of a gas Formation of a precipitate Change in color Change in temperature Change in the state. Chemical reactions are the process in which new substances with new properties are formed. This process involves chemical changes.  Rearrangement of atoms which takes place between the reacting substances to form new substances which have entirely different properties. In chemical reactions, the old chemical bonds break which exists between the atoms of reacting substances, and then making of new chemical bonds between the rearranged atoms of new substances. Continue Complete Article click   Chemical Reactions a

11th Physics Topic - Hooke’s Law – Stress and Strain from Mechanical Properties of Solid  The ratio of the magnitude of the applied force to the cross-sectional area of the wire is called the stress acting on the wire, while the ratio of the change in length to the original length of the wire is called the strain of the wire. Above equation is a statement of Hooke’s law of elasticity, which says that in an elastic body the stress is directly proportional to the strain, that is,                                                         stress  ∝ strain The stress is what is applied to the body, while the resulting effect is called the strain. To make an equality out of this proportion, we must introduce a constant of proportionality. This constant depends on the type of material used, since the molecules, and hence the molecular forces of each material, are different. This constant, called Young’s modulus of elasticity is denoted by the letter Y. thus above equation becomes