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Difference between fixed cost and variable cost - Class 12 Economics Cost means the amount of money spent by a company on the manufacture or manufacturing of goods or services. Fixed Costs Meaning of Fixed Costs- Costs that remain constant for some time, regardless of the level of outputs. Dependence of Fixed Costs- Dependent on fixed factors. Cost at Output = 0 -- FC = n, ‘n’ is the fixed amount that stays constant. Longevity of Fixed Costs - Found only in the long run. Other names of Fixed Costs- Overhead costs, Supplementary costs or Period costs. Examples of Fixed Costs - Rent, loan payments, property taxes, depreciation. Variable Costs Meaning of Variable Costs- Costs that vary in direct proportion to the changes in business activities. Dependence Variable Costs- Dependent on variable factors. Cost at Output = 0 -- VC = 0 Longevity Variable Costs - Found in the long and short run. Other names Variable Costs- Direct costs, Prime costs. Examples Variable Costs - Costs of goods

Magnetic Force and  Magnetic Field The force exerted by a magnet on certain materials, including other magnets, is known as a magnetic force . The force is applied across a large area and includes both attractive and repulsive forces. Two magnets with opposite north and south poles attract one another, while two magnets with comparable north and south poles repel one another. Magnets can exert force across large distances due to magnetic fields. The magnetic field surrounding a bar magnet can be seen in the image above. Under a sheet of glass, iron filings (small iron particles) were placed. The iron filings on the glass were attracted by the magnet. The magnetic field's lines of force are depicted by the pattern of iron filings. The concentration of iron filings at the poles indicates that these are the most strong areas. It's also possible to investigate how the magnetic field affects compasses above the magnet. When two magnets come close together, their magnetic fields int

   Role of Banks in the Economic Development of a Country | CMA Foundation Notes A bank plays an important part in a country's economic development. In today's economic world, the banking system connects various marketplaces. Depositors' savings and collections are lent to clients in need of funds. This procedure allows money to flow from one sector of the economy to another. As a result, banks make commerce easier. The following are characteristics of a sound banking system in economics : Adequate Liquidity : Having a specific amount of liquidity is one of the most important aspects of sound banking. A bank allows its customers to deposit money in a variety of methods, including time deposits, current and savings account deposits, and non-resident ordinary accounts, depending on their preferences. As a result, banks must have sufficient cash on hand to accommodate depositor withdrawal requests. If a bank fails to meet these requirements, it is deemed insolvent. Banking Ser

Monopoly Meaning and Features of Monopoly  Monopoly Meaning  Monopoly is made up of two words: mono, which means one, and polein, which means to sell. In economics, a monopoly is a company that sells a product that has no competitors in the market. As a result, it is a single-firm business. Google is one of the most well-known examples of a monopoly in today's world. Everyone knows about Google, whether it's your grandparents or a child in your house. Google is the most popular web search engine, with a market share of more than 70%. You can search it up on Google if you want to be sure! 1. A single seller and several other buyers : A monopoly may have a single seller and several other buyers as its fundamental quality. Because a single firm makes up the entire or most of the industry in such a market, there is no or only a tiny difference between the industry and the seller. As a result, the firm's demand curve is identical to or almost identical to the industry's dem

What was the treaty of Versailles? History Notes for Class 9 When World War I came to a close, the Central Powers and the Allies signed the Treaty of Versailles . The Treaty of Versailles defined the terms of peace between the victorious Allies and Germany. It was signed in June 1919 at the Palace of Versailles in Paris. The Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for the outbreak of the war and imposed harsh penalties for territorial loss, hefty compensation payments, and militarism. When World War I came to a conclusion on June 28, 1919, the Central Powers and the Allies signed the Treaty of Versailles . On June 28, 1919, World War I came to a conclusion, and the peace treaty was signed on January 10, 1920. On January 18th, 1919, the Paris Peace Conference began. It commemorates the German Emperor Wilhelm I's coronation at the Palace of Versailles at the end of the Franco-Prussian War of 1871. Click to know, signing terms of the Treaty of Versailles Tag - treaty of Versail

Causes of World War 1  There was no single event that precipitated World War I . The conflict was sparked by a series of events that occurred in the years running up to 1914. Some of the events that contributed to the war were as follows: 1. Germany's New International Expansion Policy: In 1890, Wilhelm II, the new German Emperor, launched an international policy aimed at transforming his country into a global force. Germany was viewed as a danger by all other powers, destabilising the international situation. 2. Mutual Defense Alliance: Mutual defence agreements have been signed by countries all throughout Europe. These agreements said that if a country was attacked, the Allies would defend it. At the time, some of the alliances were – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy are linked by the Triple Alliance of 1882. In 1907, the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia) came to an end. As a result, Europe had two rivals. 3. Imperialism: Prior to World War I, sections of Africa and

Characteristics of matter   "Matter" refers to any substance that takes up space and has mass. 1. Molecules are extremely small particles that make up matter. 2. The intermolecular spaces between these molecules are known as intermolecular spaces. 3. Because they have Kinetic Energy, these molecules tend to move. 4. Kinetic energy is a type of energy possessed by moving objects. It's the energy of mass in motion, in a nutshell. 5. Atoms make up molecules. The most fundamental unit of matter is the atom. 6. Subatomic particles, which carry various types of charges, are also found in atoms.  Protons are subatomic particles with a positive charge. Negative charge of electrons Neutrons don't have any charge. 7. A substance's molecules are attracted to one another. The intermolecular gaps, or distance between the particles, determine the pull. 8. The lesser the pull between molecules becomes as the distance between particles increases. Click to know the States of Matte