Skip to main content

NCERT Biology class 12 online Notes - Pathogen

NCERT Biology class 12 online notes - Pathogen

Takshila Learning offers animated videos, NCERT solutions, question bank and sample papers for school courses and designed according to latest pattern of CBSE question papers. Further, Takshila learning also provides online classes for CS Course, Banking exam preparation, and Digital Marketing. We regularly provide different blogs and articles on important articles, news, and information related to CBSE exams.
Biology class 12 : We define a pathogen as a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host (an organism which is attacked by the pathogen).
Most often the pathogens disrupt the normal physiology of a multi-cellular animal or plant. However, pathogens can infect unicellular organisms from all of the biological kingdoms. There are several substrates and pathways whereby pathogens can invade a host. The human body contains many natural defenses against some of the common pathogens in the form of the human immune system and by some “helpful” bacteria present in the human body’s normal flora. Some pathogens have been found to be responsible for massive amounts of casualties and have had numerous effects on afflicted groups. Today, while many medical advances have been made to safeguard against infection by pathogens, through the use of vaccination, antibiotics, and fungicide, pathogens continue to threaten human life. Social advances such as food safety, hygiene, and water treatment have reduced the threat from some pathogens.
Pathogens have evolved specific mechanisms for interacting with their hosts
The human body is a complex and thriving ecosystem. It contains about 10­­­­­13 human cells and also about 1014 bacterial, fungal, and protozoan cells, which represent thousands of microbial species. These microbes, called the normal flora, are usually are found in certain areas of the body, including the skin, mouth, large intestine, and vagina. In addition, humans are always infected with viruses, most of which rarely, if ever, become symptomatic. If it is normal for us to live in such close intimacy with a wide variety of microbes, how is it that some of them are capable of causing us illness or death?
Pathogens are usually distinct from the normal flora. Our normal microbial inhabitants only cause trouble if our immune systems are weakened. The pathogens have developed highly specialized mechanisms for crossing cellular and biochemical barriers and for eliciting specific responses from the host organism that contribute to the survival and multiplication of the pathogen.
In order to survive and multiply in a host, a successful pathogen must be able to:
(1) Colonize the host
(2) Find a nutritionally compatible niche in the host body.

For Class 12th online classes, NCERT solutions, CBSE guide, sample papers, latest updates from CBSE Board, enroll in Takshila Learning.

Call us : 8800999280/8800999284

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Thank you we will contact ASAP.

Popular posts from this blog

Lessons-Worksheets-Question Papers-CBSE Class 2 English

Lessons-Worksheets-Question Papers-CBSE Class 2 English CBSE 2nd Class English – One and Many  In this blog, we share the spelling rules used in the concept of  One  and Many. When there is only one of a naming word (noun), it is said to be a  singular noun . When a noun shows more than one, it is said to be in the  plural . We can add  –S, -es, -ves or ies  to show that there is more than one noun.  For example,  we say many birds, four biscuits, six brushes. But for the students of  Class 2 , it’s very difficult and confusing to understand where to use  s , es, ves or ies  in the form of many. Don’t worry, it looks difficult, but it is very easy as in grammar each concept has a set of rules that need to practice. Noun ending with  –s, -x, -o, -sh, -ch, and –ss  form plurals by taking  –es. Look at these pairs of words: Bus – Buses Brush – Brushes Continue ..... Click here ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Class 3 English Practice Grammar Worksheet -The Adverb

 Class 3 English Practice Grammar Worksheet -The Adverb Class 3 English – The Adverb – Kinds of Adverb Fill in the blanks with suitable Adverbs of place. Choose from the box.  Up               outside                       everywhere                 back                down      away          here                           there                     ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Bhakti Movement NCERT Class 12 History

Bhakti Movement NCERT Class 12 History The Bhakti movement was an effort to achieve salvation and emancipation by devotion to God. In Hindi, the word bhakti refers to fervent devotion to God. This movement, which stressed a single-minded, ardent devotion to God, is seen as the most characteristic act of religious progress during the Middle Ages. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Kabir Das was a key figure in the Bhakti Movement. As a result of the movement, Kabir Das' poems and religious writings attained widespread fame. Kabir Das was raised up by a Muslim family. However, his religious beliefs were influenced by his Hindu teacher Ramananda, who regarded Rama as the highest God. The first Sikh guru and the founder of Sikhism was Guru Nanak. He vehemently opposed prejudice based on customs, rivalry, and caste in religion. Nanak was raised in a Hindu household and from an early age began to exhibit spiritual tendencies. He helped the indigent and underprivileged. His followers began r...
Post a Comment
Read more