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What is Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation? Class 9



Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

 According to legend, an apple dropped on Newton's head as he was sitting under an apple tree, prompting him to think of the "Universal Law of Gravitation." This is almost certainly not valid in its details, as it is in all such ways, but we will nowaddress what actually happened.

 

What really happened with Apple?

 

he more accurate version of the storey is that Newton started to think along these lines after seeing an apple fall from a tree: Since the apple's velocity varies from zero as it hangs from the tree and moves toward the earth, it is accelerated. As a result, Newton's 2nd Law dictates that there must be a force acting on the apple to induce this acceleration. Let's call this force "gravity," and the resulting acceleration "gravitational acceleration." Then multiply the height of the apple tree by two. Again, we expect the apple to be accelerated toward the earth, implying that the force we call gravity hits the highest apple tree.


 What was Sir Isaac’s Most Excellent Idea?

 

Now we'll look at Newton's genuinely brilliant idea: if gravity can reach the top of the tallest tree, can it not reach even further? In fact, can it not reach all the way to the Moon's orbit? The Moon's orbit around the Earth will then be a result of the gravitational force, so the acceleration caused by gravity will shift the Moon's velocity enough to allow it to follow an orbit around the Earth.

 Newton realised that the force that caused the apple's acceleration (gravity) had to be proportional to the apple's mass. However, since the force that causes the apple's downward acceleration also causes the earth's upward acceleration (Newton's 3rd law), the force must be proportional to the mass of the earth. As a result, the gravitational force acting between the earth and every other object is directly proportional to the earth's mass, often directly proportional to the mass of the object, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the earth's and the object's centres.


 Definition of Law of Universal Gravitation

Every object in the Universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation directed along the line of centres for the two objects.

Fg = G m1m2/r2

 

 


 Fg is the Gravitational Force

 

m1 & m2  are the masses of two objects

 

r is the separation between the objects

 

G is the Universal Gravitational Constant

 

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