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In the previous article, we understood the structure of the civil courts and the jurisdiction of the courts and the jurisdiction of the courts. Now we're going to learn about the "Res Sub Judice Doctrine/Stay of Suit" So we're starting here…   General understanding of the Doctrine of Res Sub Judice/Stay of Suit and of the Doctrine of Res Judicata:   According to Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which deals with the Doctrine of Res Sub Judice, which deals with the stay of the cases under consideration or adjudication is still pending before the Court, whereas according to Section 11 of the Civil Procedure Court, which deals with the Doctrine of Res Judicata, which deals with the matters already decided.   Doctrine of the Judiciary/Stay of the Suit:   Pursuant to Section 10 of the CPC, the rule in the Doctrine of Res Judice prevents courts of concurrent jurisdiction, i.e. 'courts that have the capacity to exercise judicial review by different courts at the

Set-Off:   Set Off is dealt with in accordance with Rule 6 of Order 8 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. It's a defense mechanism for the sum of money owed. It's the form of a cross, a suit. Legally, it is defined as the reciprocal acquirement of the debts between the parties, i.e. between the plaintiff and the defendant. It eliminates or extinguishes the claim of the plaintiff to the extent of the amount of money claimed by the defendant as a counterclaim.   In simple terms, this means that if two parties owe money to each other but one of the two parties owes more money than the other party pays the net amount and settles the money owed.   Pursuant to Rule 6 of Order 8 of the Court, where the defendant claims, in an action against the plaintiff, the recovery of money which the plaintiff has legally recovered from the plaintiff, not exceeding the pecuniary limit of the Court, and where both parties have the same character as the plaintiff's claim, the defendant may, at

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CS Executive CORPORATE Corporate Social Responsibility is a regulation which obliges companies to take an active part in complying with the legal spirit of the ethical norm and international norm. CSR activities help the organization to have a better impact on society, consumers and our stakeholders. It gives the edge to CSR-following business over others.   APPLICABILITY OF CSR ON BUSINES As per section 135 of the Act 2013 of the Company,   Every company that lies in these conditions must spend the prescribed amount on CSR activities:-   1.  Company with a net value of 500crore ropes or more 2.  Company with a turnover of roupees 1000crore or more 3.  Company with a net profit of 5crore or more Upon compliance with any of the above conditions, the company shall establish a CSR committee, which shall establish policies related to CSR expenditure and shall be disclosed in the report of the board of directors. The company shall make expenditure of at least 2 per cen

In CS Online Coaching Classes, the Negotiable Instrument Act is a very interesting subject of Economic, Business and Commercial Law, which is discussed in a cheque that is explained below:   What's a Cheque? A cheque is a bill of exchange drawn from a specified banker and not expressed as payable otherwise than on demand and includes an electronic image of a truncated cheque and a cheque in an electronic form. (Sec. 6 of the NIA)   Explanation I – For the purposes of this section, the terms-   An electronic form cheque means a cheque that contains the exact mirror image of a paper cheque and is generated, written and signed in a secured system that ensures minimum safety standards with the use of a digital signature (with or without a biometric signature) and an asymmetric cryptosystem; A truncated cheque shall mean a cheque which is truncated in the course of a clearing cycle, either by the clearinghouse or by the bank, whether paying or receiving payment, immediately on the gener

  Composition Levy under GST – Goods and Services Tax GST is an indirect tax used in India on the delivery of goods and services (goods and services tax). The Indian government entered into force on 1 July 2017. Tax on goods and services is divided into five tax burdens for collection of tax – 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%. Petrol, alcoholic, and energy goods, however, are not subject to GST levy. This tax substituted the current various taxes imposed by the state and central governments. GST prices rise for everyday products while the rates for luxury goods are reduced. GST ID Number is a special 15 digit number given by the PAN of a company to companies registered in the framework of GST. The composition levy is a tax levy system planned for small taxpayers with revenues of up to Rs. 1,5 crore. Small taxpayers are forced to pay a flat tax, irrespective of their production, supply or trade. In Northeastern countries and hill countries, such as Sikkim and Himachal Pradesh, the limits of GST

Tax Laws and Practice – A  tax  might be characterized as ” a mandatory extraction made by the focal government from the overall population. It is a monetary charge forced on people or lawful substances by the public authority in accordance with its authoritative position. Assessment is an assortment of cash from the general population for the public reason enforceable by law and it isn’t for the installment of some other reevaluation. It is one of the significant wellsprings of income of the public authority. It assumes a significant function in the development and advancement of the nation’s economic framework and different offices. Tax Laws  are the legitimate systems and rules administering how expense rates are determined. They cover the charges on bequests, pay, property, exchanges, licenses, and so forth by the public authority. To bestow reasonable comprehension to the understudies about the arrangements of the  Direct Tax Laws  (Income Tax) and  Indirect Tax Laws  (GST and Cus

DIRECTORS (Composition, Qualification & Appointment) – COMPANY LAW A director in Company Law is the one who directs. This significant term follows the normal meaning under the  Company Law  as well. A Company being an artificial juridical person cannot act by itself. It is the individuals who severally and jointly run the business as representatives of the company and act on behalf of it. The concept of the Board of Directors under Company Law, it is an extensive topic. Especially the  Companies Act, 2013  which brought many new concepts of directors in order to be consistent with other laws in force such as Listing Regulations. This article will cover the basics of directors, Board of Directors, the composition of Board of Directors, qualification of Director and appointment of Director, etc. Being one of the vast topics, it is hard to line up all about directors in one brief article. Let us begin with the basic terms:   BOARD OF DIRECTORS   Section 2(10) – “Board of Directors” or