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Biology notes for class 11-Digestion in Stomach

Biology notes for class 11-Digestion in Stomach

In this article, the following topic “Digestion in Stomach” from the unit 5 named ‘Human Physiology’ of NCERT Biology Class 11syllabus is discussed. We have focused on various digestive glands present in the stomach.
DIGESTION IN STOMACH
The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals. After chewing (mastication) of food by teeth in the buccal cavity (mouth), the food is swallowed through the oesophagus and reaches the stomach for further digestion. In humans and many other animals, the stomach is located between the oesophagus and the small intestine.
The lining of the stomach(gastric mucosa) is pitted with the openings of about 35 million glands known as gastric glands. These glands secrete a fluid called digestive fluid /juice or gastric juice. The gastric juice contains digestive enzymes, gastric acid (Hydrochloric acid, abbreviated as HCl) that help in the digestion of food, and mucus that helps in lubricating the stomach wall hence protecting it from getting damaged.About 2-3 litres of gastric juice is secreted in a day in a normal human adult. Gastric juice is a thin, light colored transparent acidic fluid. It is acidic in nature due to the presence of HCl. The pH of the gastric juice is 1.5 to 2.5.
Let us discuss the Gastric Glands.
Gastric Glands
The gastric gland is the basic secretory unit of the stomach.Each gastric gland is a tubular structure opening by means of a narrow pore in the stomach. There are three types of gastric glands; they are distinguished from one another by their location. They are as listed below-
  1. Cardiac gastric glands- They are located at the very beginning of the stomach, in the cardiac portion into which the oesophagus opens.
  2. Fundic gastric glands – They are also known as intermediate or true gastric glands. They are present in the central stomach area.
  3. Pyloric gastric glands –They are present in the terminal portion of the stomach which opens into the first part of small intestine.

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