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Biology notes for class 12- Ecological Succession

Biology notes for class 12- Ecological Succession

This article carries detailed information about ‘Ecological Succession’ from the unit Ecology and Environment of Biology of Class 12.
Ecological Succession(ecological means related to ecology i.e study of the surrounding and succession means series of things following one after another) so ecological succession literally means series of changes that are occurring in the surrounding of a given place. Over the period of time, the change occurs in the conditions of the environment/ surroundings which lead to the disappearance of old species and appearance of the new ones.
Characteristics of ecological succession;
  1. It results from the modification of the physical environment of the community.
  2. It is a well-defined and orderly process of the community development.
  3. It brings about changes in the structure of species and hence increases thediversity of species.
  4. Nutrient variation determines the settlement of new community.
  5. The process of succession is self-going, stable and biologically feasible.
There are three major causes that are responsible for ecological succession-
  1. Initiating Causes: They are the factors that lead to the destruction of the existing habitat and population over there, thus initiating the process of ecological succession. There are two main factors; climatic factors like wind, fire, natural calamities, etc. and biotic factors which include activities of various organisms.
  2. Continuing causes: The continuing causes of succession are also known asecesis.The processessuch as aggregation, competition, migration etc.occur continuously in a particular habitat. These processes cause changes in soil structure of that area like a change of soil nutrients, accumulation of organic matter, soil pH etc.

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