CBSE 11th Science Chemistry Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Here, we will discuss Dalton’s Atomic Theory, its merits, and demerits. The following topic is for a better understanding of CBSE Class 11 students (Chemistry, unit 1).

DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY

John Dalton (1766-1844), a British school teacher, introduced the concept of atoms. In 1808, he presented his atomic theory based on experiments and laws of chemical combination. The postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory are:

All matter consists of tiny indivisible particles called The atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
Atoms of the same element are similar in shape and mass but differ from the atoms of other elements.
The atom is the smallest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Atoms of one element cannot be converted into atoms of another element, rather during a chemical reaction;the atoms of the original matter recombine to form different substances.
Compounds are formed from the chemical combination of atoms of different elements in specific ratios.
Atoms of thesame element can combine in more than one ratio to form two or more compounds.

Merits of Dalton’s Atomic Theory

The theory is in accordance with the laws of chemical combination. His postulate 1 and 4 explain the law of mass conservation. Postulate 5 supports the law of definite proportion.The law of multiple proportions is supported by postulate 6.

Dalton was the first person to find out the distinction between the fundamental particle of an element (atom) and that of the compound (molecule).

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