Biology notes for class 11 Gastrointestinal Hormones

In the following article, we will discuss ‘Gastrointestinal Hormones’ from Human Physiology of Biology Class 11.

Biology class 11 Gastrointestinal Hormones: The food that we ingest is broken down into simple and soluble forms by our digestive system/ alimentary canal/ gastro intestinal tract. This simple and soluble food material is absorbed into the blood stream. Through the blood, the food material is taken up by the various cells of our body and gives energy. Gastrointestinal System can be understood as a system of cells, tissues, organs, and biochemical molecules that help in digestion and absorption of food into the body. GI hormones are chemical messengers that are implicated in many aspects of physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including the regulation of secretion, absorption and digestion, and gut motility. GI hormones are a large family of peptides and are secreted by endocrine cells that are widely distributed throughout the GI mucosa and pancreas. Gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin (CCK) were the first discovered gut hormones, and as of today, there are more than 50 gut hormone genes and a multitude of bioactive peptides, hence the gut is considered as the largest endocrine organ of the body.

The Gastrointestinal Hormones (GI or gut hormones) constitute a group of hormones secreted by entero -endocrine cells(cells that secrete their chemicals through ducts) in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs.

Ten major known GI Hormones are enlisted here; however, new hormones are also being discovered.

Cholecystokinin Pancreozymin
Duocrinin
Enterocrinin
Enterogastrone
Gastrin
Pancreatic Polypeptide.
Secretin
Somatostatin
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Villikinin

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