Biology notes for class 11 - Digestion in the Small Intestine

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Class 11 Biology : The length of the small intestine can vary greatly, from as short as 2.75 m (9.0 ft) to as long as 10.49 m. The average length of a living person is 3m-5m. The length depends both on how tall the person is and how the length is measured. Taller people generally have a longer small intestine. The partly digested food (chyme), from the stomach, comes to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine.) Here it is mixed with the intestinal juice, bile juice produced by the liver and pancreatic juice produced by the pancreas.

Composition of Intestinal Juice/ Succus Entericus

The intestinal juice produced by the intestinal glands has a pH of about 7.6. Only 1.6% of the juice is solid matter and rest is liquid. Of the solid portion, 1% is made up of inorganic component and 0.6% is an organic component. The organic components are the various enzymes and proteins present in the intestinal juice.

Enzymes that help in digestion in the small intestine

The small intestine is where most chemical digestion takes place. Many of the digestive enzymes that act in the small intestine are secreted by the pancreas and liver and enter the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. Pancreatic enzymes and bile from the gallbladder enter the small intestine in response to the hormone cholecystokinin, which is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of nutrients. Secretin, another hormone produced in the small intestine, causes additional effects on the pancreas, where it promotes the release of bicarbonate into the duodenum in order to neutralize the potentially harmful acid coming from the stomach.

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