Chemistry notes for class 12 - Unit Cell And Space Lattices

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Unit cell is the smallest portion of a crystal lattice which, when repeated in different directions, generates the entire lattice. Each unit cell is defined in terms of lattice points – the points in space about which the particles are free to vibrate in a crystal.

The position of atoms, molecules, or ions in a solid crystal, relative to one other in space, is usually designated by points. Such a representation is called space lattice. Thus, we define the space lattice as an array of points showing how molecules, atoms or ions are arranged at different sites in three-dimensional spaces.

Unit cells can be broadly divided into two categories: i) Primitive and ii) Centred unit cells.

(a) Primitive/ Simple Unit Cells: When constituent particles are present only in the corner positions of a unit cell, it is called a primitive unit cell.

(b) Centred Unit Cells: When a unit cell contains one or more constituent particles present at positions other than corners in addition to those at corners, it is called a centred unit cell.

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