CBSE class 10th science - Nutrition in Human Beings
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The various steps of nutrition in human beings are as follows:
Ingestion:
- In human beings, food is ingested through the mouth. The food is put into the mouth with the help of hands.
Digestion:
- The digestion of food commences in the mouth itself.
- The teeth cut the pabulum into small pieces, masticate and grind it. (Physical digestion)
- The salivary glands in our mouth produce saliva (watery liquid) which contains an enzyme salivary amylase which digests the starch (carbohydrate) present in the food into sugar. (Chemical digestion)
- Our tongue helps in mixing this saliva with food.
- The digestion of food remains incomplete in the mouth.
Oesophagus:
- The slightly digested food in the mouth is swallowed by the tongue and goes down the food pipe called oesophagus.
- When the marginally digested food enters the victuals pipe, the walls of victuals pipe start contraction and expansion forms of kineticism called as a peristaltic movement.
- This peristaltic movement of food pipe pushes the slightly digested into the stomach.
Stomach:
- The stomach is a J-shaped organ present on the left side of the abdomen.
- The stomach walls contain s three tubular glands in it walls which secrete gastric juice.
- The gastric juice contains three substances: Hydrochloric acid, the enzyme pepsin, and mucus.
- The hydrochloric creates an acidic medium which facilitates the action of the enzyme pepsin i.e. digestion of protein.
- The mucus helps to protect the stomach wall from its own secretions of hydrochloric acid.
- The partially digested food then goes from the stomach into the small intestine.
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