12th Physics Online Notes Conductor and Insulators

CONDUCTORS:

Conductors are the device having a conductivity greater than 103 s/cm. Basically, electrical properties of any material depend on electronic population inside an atom as conduction is the result of the motion of electrons within the bands. In case of conductors, the conduction band is almost full and conduction band overlaps with valence band hence there us full conduction or full flow of electron from one band to another. Even at low temperature, it results in higher conductivity.

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SEMICONDUCTORS:

Semiconductors have conductivity for silicon (it can range from 10-5S/cm to 103S/cm). Their conduction is almost empty and valence band is almost full, the energy gap between the conduction band and valence band is around 1eV. Their no such elements like semiconductors occurs naturally they are formed by doping in insulators. At the high temperature, they start conducting.

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