Common Human Diseases Caused By Protozoa - Biology Notes for Class 12

The disease (malaria) is most commonly transmitted by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito’s saliva into a person’s blood. The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. The parasites initially multiply in liver but later they enter Red Blood Celle (RBC) causing the rupture of cells. Ruptured RBC releases a toxic substance called hemozoin, which causes chill and fever after every 3-4 days. When the female Anopheles mosquito bites the infected person, these parasites enter the body of the mosquito and undergo further development. They multiply to form sporozoites which are stored in the mosquito’s salivary glands. When this mosquito bites another healthy person, the sporozoites are released into his or her body and again the life cycle begins causing the disease. Most deaths are caused by P. falciparum. P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae generally cause a milder form of malaria. The species P. knowlesi rarely causes disease in humans.

Malaria is typically diagnosed by the microscopic examination of blood using blood films, or with antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests.

The risk of disease can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites through the use of mosquito nets and insect repellents or with mosquito control measures such as spraying insecticides and draining standing water. Antimalarial drugs like, quinine and chloroquine are used to treat malaria.

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