What Is Electric Potential? Online Notes for NCERT Physics Class 12

Electric Potential due to point charge:
The electric potential created by a point charge Q, at a distance r from the charge (relative to the potential at infinity), can be shown to be

VE = 1*Q/4Пε0r.

where ε0 is the dielectric constant (permittivity of vacuum). This is known as the Coulomb potential.

The electric potential due to a system of point charges is equal to the sum of the point charges’ individual potentials. This fact simplifies calculations significantly since the addition of potential (scalar) fields is much easier than the addition of the electric (vector) fields.

The equation given above for the electric potential (and all the equations used here) are in the forms required by SI units. In some other (less common) systems of units, such as CGS-Gaussian, many of these equations would be altered.

UNITS FOR ELECTRIC POTENTIAL:

The SI derived unit of electric potential is the volt (in honor of Alessandro Volta), which is why a difference in electric potential between two points is known as voltage.

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