what is operating system? It's Type and Function

Operating system and Its Type and Functions.

 

What is an Operating System?

An operating system, or “OS,” is software that communicates with the hardware and allows other programs to run. It is comprised of the system software, or the fundamental files your computer needs to boot up and function. Every desktop computer, tablet, and smartphone includes an operating system that provides basic functionality for the device.

 

The most popular desktop operating systems are Windows, OS X, and Linux. Although each operating system is special, most provide a graphical user interface (GUI) with a desktop and the ability to access files and directories. They also allow you to install and run operating system-specific software. Windows and Linux can be installed on any PC, while OS X is only available on Apple computers. As a consequence, the hardware you pick has an effect on the operating system(s) you can use.

 

Mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones, have operating systems with a graphical user interface and the ability to run applications. Android, iOS, and Windows Phone are some of the most common mobile operating systems. These operating systems are designed primarily for mobile devices and therefore support touchscreen input.

History of Operating System 

 

i. Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage.

 

ii. The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701.

 

iii. In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks.

 

iv. In the late 1960s, the 1st version of the Unix OS was developed.

 

v. The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-DOS software from a Seattle company.

 

vi. The present-day popular OS Windows first came to existence in 1985 when a GUI was created and paired with MS-DOS.

 

  Types of Operating systems (OS)

 

Batch Operating System: Some computer processes are very lengthy and time-consuming. To speed the same process, a job with a similar type of needs is batched together and run as a group. The user of a batch operating system never directly interacts with the computer. In this type of OS, every user prepares his or her job on an offline device like a punch card and submits it to the computer operator. 

Multi-Tasking/Time-sharing Operating systems: Time-sharing operating system enables people located at a different terminal (shell) to use a single computer system at the same time. The processor time (CPU) which is shared among multiple users is termed as time-sharing.

 Real-time OS: A real-time operating system time interval to process and respond to inputs is very small. Examples: Military Software Systems, Space Software Systems are the Real-time OS example.

Distributed Operating System: Distributed systems use many processors located in different machines to provide very fast computation to their users.

 

Network Operating System: Network Operating System runs on a server. It provides the capability to serve to manage data, users, groups, security, application, and other networking functions.

 

Mobile OS: Mobile operating systems are those OS which is especially that are designed to power smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices. Some most famous mobile operating systems are Android and iOS, but others include BlackBerry, Web, and watchOS.

 

What are the functions of the Operating System (OS)?

 In an operating system, the software performs each of the function: 

1. Process management: – Process management helps OS to create and delete processes. It also provides mechanisms for synchronization and communication among processes.

 

2. Memory management: – Memory management module performs the task of allocation and de-allocation of memory space to programs in need of these resources.

 

3. File management: – It manages all the file-related activities such as organization storage, retrieval, naming, sharing, and protection of files.

 

4. Device Management: – Device management keeps track of all devices. This module also responsible for this task is known as the I/O controller. It also performs the task of allocation and de-allocation of the devices.

 

5. I/O System Management: – One of the main objects of any OS is to hide the peculiarities of that hardware device from the user.

 

6. Secondary-Storage Management: – Systems have several levels of storage which include primary storage, secondary storage, and cache storage. Instructions and data must be stored in primary storage or cache so that a running program can reference it.

7 Security: – The security module protects the data and information of a computer system against malware threats and authorized access.

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