CBSE Biology notes class 11- Alimentary canal and digestion

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CBSE Biology notes for class 11 – Alimentary canal and digestion

Every living organism needs energy for the proper functioning of their body. The ultimate source of energy is the sun. Plants trap the energy from the sun (solar energy) with the help of chlorophyll(a green pigment present in the green leaves of many plants) andsynthesise carbohydrates from carbon di oxide and water. Animals are directly or indirectly are dependent upon plants for their energy needs, the organic compounds synthesized by the plants are the final source of energy in animals.

The food materials consumed by the animals are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. These food materials cannot be utilized by our body in their original form. They have to be broken down and converted into simple and soluble substances that can be used up by our body.

This process of conversion of complex food substances into simple and soluble forms is called digestion.

During the digestion process:

Carbohydrates get broken into simple sugars such as glucose.
Fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Proteins into amino acids.

The digestion takes place in the alimentary canal or the digestive tract, also called as the digestive system.

The Alimentary canal

The food passes through a continuous canal called alimentary canal. The canal can be divided into various compartments: (1) Mouth (2) foodpipe or oesophagus, (3) stomach, (4) small intestine, (5) large intestine ending in the rectum and (6) the anus.

The alimentary canal in human beings measures about 8 to 10 meters in length.

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