NCERT 12th physics notes - Electric Field

Electric Field: The region in which a charge experiences a force is called an electric field.

Electric Field Strength: Electric field strength at a point is vector quantity and is defined as the force experienced by unit positive charge placed at that point and whose direction is along direction of force.

The electric field strength due to a point charge q at a distance r is

E = q/4Π£0 r2

The unit of Electric field strength is Newton/Coulomb.

Electric Field Lines:The path along which a unit positive charge would move if it is free to do so.

Properties of Electric Field Lines:

Electric field lines start at positive charge and end at negative charge. For an isolated single charge electric field lines start or end at infinity.

Two electric field lines never intersect each other.

In a charge free region electric field lines have no break or they are continuous.

In a uniform electric field, electric field lines are parallel.

The number density of electric field lines at a point gives the strength (intensity) of

electric field at that point.

Electric field lines do not form closed loops.

The tangent drawn to the electric field line at a point gives the direction of the electric field at that point.

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